What's in a Name
Following the American Revolution, the states of New York and Massachusetts both laid claim to the lands of Western New York. The treaty of Hartford (1786) established that the lands of Western New York were indeed part of the state of New York, but anyone wishing to buy the land would have to pay the state of Massachusetts for the right to purchase the land. In 1788, Oliver Phelps, Nathaniel Gorham, and a group of investors purchased the right to buy the majority of land west of Seneca Lake from Massachusetts. They purchased the rights to 6 million acres of land for $1,000,000 which was to be made in 3 annual payments.
Purchasing the right to buy the land didn't alter the fact that the land was owned by the Seneca Nation of Native Americans. Phelps and Gorham were able to negotiate a deal with the Senecas, but only for the eastern most portion of Western New York. The Senecas were paid $5,000 (plus a perpetual payment of $500 a year) for about 2,250,000 acres of land west of Senaca Lake to the shoreline of the Genesee River.
A year later, things were not going as Phelps and Gorham had hoped. The land they had purchased was proving to be more difficult to resell than thought, plus changes in US government policies increased the value of their debt significantly, leaving them unable to make their second payment to Massachusetts.
Robert Morris, a wealthy financier and founding father, purchased Phelps and Gorham's interests at a highly discounted price. He soon sold the majority of the unsold land to the Pulteney Associates, who were a group of British land speculators led by Sir William Pulteney. New York law at the time limited the purchase of land to United States citizens. To cross that hurdle, Charles Williamson was brought in as land agent. Williamson was Scottish like the majority of the Pulteney Associates,however he married to an American woman and became a US citizen.
Sir William Pulteney and his associates never visted the United States, which left a great deal of responsibility in the hands of Pulteney's American land agents, most notably, Charles Williamson (1792–1801) and Robert Troup (1801–1832).
As a result of the treaty of Big Tree (1797), a group of Dutch investors under the banner of the Holland Land Company purchased the rights to the remaining lands of Western New York from Robert Morris and then purchased the land west of the Genesee River from the Seneca Nation (about 3,500,000 acres). Joseph Ellicott was named land agent for the Holland Land Company and set up an office in Batavia in 1802.
Charlotte
Charlotte Troup Brinckerhoff
June 27, 1792 - July 18, 1872
Land agent Robert Troup helped develop a port near the mouth of the Genesee river and named it Charlotte in honor of his daughter.
Charlotte became a village in 1869 and was annexed by the city of Rochester on January 1, 1916.
Clarkson
Matthew Clarkson
October 17, 1758 - April 25, 1825
Clarkson was a Revolutionary War soldier who reached the rank of Brigadier general, became a NY State senator, and 6th President of the Bank of New York.
General Clarkson owned considerable amounts of land in western New York. The town of Clarkson was formed from the Town of Murray, on April 2, 1819, partially from land donated by General Clarkson. The town was divided in 1852 with the creation of the town of Union, which soon became the town of Hamlin.
Corning
Erastus Corning
December 14, 1794 - April 9, 1872
Erastus Corning was a US Congressman, NY State senator, and prominant Albany businessman.
The first European settlement in the area was established in 1796. Corning officially became a village in 1848 and a city in 1890.
Gorham
Nathaniel Gorham
May 27, 1738 - June 11, 1796
Nathaniel Gorham was a founding father of the United States and land merchant who partnered with Oliver Phelps in the purchase of extensive lands in western New York.
The town of Easton was created in 1789. The town changed its name to Lincoln in 1806, and then changed its name to Gorham in 1807.
Hamlin
Hannibal Hamlin
August 27, 1809 - July 4, 1891
Hamlin was the 15th US Vice-President serving under Abraham Lincoln, and a US senator from Maine.
The town of Hamlin was initially a part of the town of Northampton. The town of Murray split from Northampton in 1807. The remaining lands were broken into Union and Clarkson in December of 1852. Union was renamed Hamlin February 28, 1861.
Henrietta
Henrietta Laura Pulteney
1st Countess of Bath
December 26, 1766 - July 14, 1808
Henrietta Laura Pulteney was the daughter of Sir William Pulteney, who was the largest investor in the Pulteney Associates that owned a considerable portion of the original Phelps and Gorham lands. The town of Henrietta was named in honor of Sir William's daughter, either by Pulteney himself or his land agent, Charles Williamson.
The town of Henrietta was established March 27, 1818 following a dispute with the town of Pittsford over how deeds were recorded.
Hilton
Charles Augustus Hilton
July 22, 1845 - October 24, 1912
Charles Hilton was an American Civil War soldier from Maine who became a self taught preacher in the Free Will Church. From 1874-1882 he preacherd in Parma, NY. His time in Parma was memorable enough for local residents to name the vilage of Hilton after him.
Hilton was originally known as Unionville. The village was later incorporated as North Parma in 1885. In 1896, the name was changed to Hilton in honor of Reverend Hilton.
LeRoy
Herman LeRoy
January 16, 1758 - March 31, 1841
Herman LeRoy was a land speculator and the 5th President of the Bank of New York. He purchased lands in Western New York known as the "Triangle Tract" from Robert Morris. Herman LeRoy sent his son Jacob to LeRoy to act as his land agent. His daughter Caroline was Daniel Webter's second wife.
The area was first settled in 1793. The town of Le Roy was established in 1812 as the town of Bellona from part of the town of Caledonia. The name was changed to LeRoy a year later.
Marion
Francis Marion
1732 – February 27, 1795
Brigadier General Francis Marion was known as the "Swamp Fox", for his unusual methods of engaging the enemy. He fought in the French and Indian War as well as the American Revolution.
The town of Marion was created from the town of Williamson on April 18, 1825. The town was initially named Winchester, but was renamed Marion in 1826 to honor Brigadier General Francis Marion.
Mount Morris
Robert Morris Jr.
January 20, 1734 - May 8, 1806
Robert Morris was a founding father and signer of the Declaration of Independence, who helped finance the revolutionary war. When Phelps and Gorham's land business became insolvent, Morris purchased their unsold lands, reselling the majority of the aquired land to the Pulteney Associates.
The first European settlers arrived in the area around 1784. Originally called Allen's Hill, and then Richmond Hill, the town of Mount Morris was established from part of the town of Leicester in 1818.
Penfield
Daniel Penfield
April 18, 1759 - August 24, 1840
Daniel Penfield served as a clerk during the Revolutionary War under Oliver Phelps. Following Phelps example, Penfield began purchasing land in Western New York. He built a home in present day Penfield and began selling plots to settlers.
Penfield was incorporated as a town in 1810.
Perinton
Glover Perrin
May 27, 1762 - November 11, 1830
In 1783, William Walker of Canandaigua purchased 23,040 acres in the area now known as the town of Perinton. Walker hired his brother Caleb and his cousin Glover Perrin to survey the land and divide it into lots. Glover Perrin traveled from Massachusetts with his large family and purchased 160 acres of land on which he built a log cabin. Jesse Perrin Jr., Grover's brother, also purchased land and built his own log cabin. It's said Perinton's first road was the the path that connected their two cabins.
With the construction of the Erie Canal, The Village of Fairport, which is in the town of Perinton began to flourish.
Perry
Oliver Hazard Perry
August 23, 1785 - August 23, 1819
Commodore Perry earned the title "Hero of Lake Erie" for leading American forces in a decisive naval victory at the Battle of Lake Erie during the War of 1812, receiving a Congressional Gold Medal and the thanks of Congress.
The Town of Perry was established in 1814 from part of the town of Leicester.
Phelps
Oliver Phelps
October 21, 1749 – February 21, 1809
During the American Revolution, Phelps worked as the Massachusetts Superintendent of Purchases of Army Supplies. He later became a US Congressman for Massachusetts after serving in the state government. Following the Revolutionary war, Phelps partnered with Nathaniel Gorham and others in purchasing a large parcel of land in western New York from the native Senecas.
The region was first settled around 1788. Originally known as Sullivan, the town changed its name to Phelps in 1855.
Pultneyville
Sir William Pulteney
October 1729 - May 30, 1805
Sir William Pulteney, 5th Baronet (born William Johnstone) was a Scottish lawyer, member of Parliament, and driving force behind the Pulteney Associates. A wealthy man, he invested heavily in properties throughout the UK, the West Indies, and Western New York.
The Hamlet of Pultneyville which is within the town of Williamson was established in 1806.
Rochester
Nathaniel Rochester
February 21, 1752, – May 17, 1831
Nathaniel Rochester moved to western New York after being convinced of the financial potential of the area by his friends and business associates, Colonel William Fitzhugh and Major Charles Carroll. After first purchasing land in the Dansville area, Rochester, Fitzhugh, and Carroll purchased 100 acres of land adjacent to the upper falls of the Genesee river.
Rochesterville was officially designated a town in 1817. The name proved unpopular so it was shortened to Rochester. With the establishment of Monroe County in 1821, Rochester became the county seat.
Walworth
Reuben H. Walworth
October 26, 1788 - November 27, 1867
Reuben H. Walworth was Chancellor of New York, the highest judicial officer in the state.
The town of Walworth was created on April 5, 1830
Webster
Daniel Webster
January 18, 1782 - October 24, 1852
Daniel Webster was a Senator from Massachusetts, respected orator, US Secretary of State, and presidential candidate.
After a group of local farmers heard Daniel Webster speak in Rochester, they decided to name their new town after him. The town of Webster was officially established February 6, 1840 from the northern half of Penfield.
Williamson
Charles Williamson
July 12, 1757 - September 4, 1808
Captain Williamson was a wealthy Scottish businessman and former soldier, who by misfortune and luck, found himself badly wounded and in the hands of French pirates while en route to New England. After he was turned over to authorities in Boston, Williamson was put in the care of the Newell family. The Newell's daughter Abigail cared for Williamson until he recovered from from his injuries. They were married a short time later. Due to Williamson's American citizenship through marriage, he was offered the post of land agent for the Pulteney Associates. He held the position for nearly 10 years. In that time he helped develop and name a large number of towns in Western New York.
Williamson was created in 1802 from the town of Sodus. In 1807 the town of Ontario was created from the western end of Williamson. The town of Marion was created from the southern portion of Williamson in 1825.
Wolcott
Oliver Wolcott Sr.
November 20, 1726 – December 1, 1797
Oliver Wolcott Sr. was a founding father, signer of the Declaration of Independence, a major general in the Revolutionary war, and the nineteenth governor of Connecticut.
The town of Wolcott was established in 1807 from the Town of Junius before the creation of Wayne County. In 1826 town of Wolcott was reduced in size by the creation of the towns of Butler, Huron, and Rose.
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